Technology Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Innovation Management - Research Paper Example This examination will attempt to show that the mechanical changes in present day time can't generally assist the enterprise with increasing the business efficiency. Mechanical Changes Cannot Always Help the reality of the matter is that the profitability in a few non desk employments has altogether expanded because of the usage of cutting edge innovation. Then again, profitability in a few professional occupations has not developed at a similar rate. It very well may be expressed that execution of cutting edge innovation doesn't have that as much positive effect on assembling as it is distinguished in office employments. It is very hard to quantify profitability in professional employments. Low quality and insufficient estimation procedure and execution of high computerization can influence the efficiency of an association. This piece of the exploration will research all the viewpoints through the usage of suitable hypotheses and approaches. Absence of Integration and Knowledge Organ izations for the most part execute a mechanized bookkeeping framework inside the association so as to lessen and control the operational time and cost. It isn't accurate that all the time this mechanization procedure can diminish time and cost. Absence of information about trend setting innovation and capacities can take all the more working time. ... There are a few people outside of the branches or the divisions who can't profit this office. In any case, it is essential to coordinate all the branches and offices all together before executing the trend setting innovation in business process. Else, it can lessen the profitability of the association. Unmeasured Productivity and Unnoticed Problems the reality of the matter is that a few associations actualize trend setting innovation and mechanization process in strategic policies without considering the future outcomes. It is a lot of hard to quantify profitability after the usage of cutting edge innovation. Insufficient audit of mechanical apparatuses can influence the profitability of the association. Insufficient Initial Decision Making Process In certain administrative firms, the acquisition of programming and hardware isn't attempted with incomparable industriousness. The facts demonstrate that few authorities don't have the foggiest idea how to build the profitability and pro ficiency of business process through the execution of trend setting innovation. It is a lot of basic to settle on a choice about the usage of trend setting innovation (Grembergen, 2001). Use of cutting edge innovation computerization in business procedure may not build the profitability of a firm. As a matter of first importance, it is significant for the administration of the association to direct far reaching and genuine examination to settle on powerful choices. It will be a lot of hard for the association on the off chance that they execute procedure of supporting and choosing the incorrect path round. The association needs to improve the dynamic procedure dependent on the thought. It can give viable answer for the issues. Execution of Technology without successful

Abortion Essays -- essays research papers

John T. Noonan makes the contention that the hop in likelihood for a fetus’ coming to term, at a particular point in the improvement of the hatchling, has a significant ramifications for the humankind (personhood) of the baby. He puts together this contention with respect to the thinking that â€Å"life itself involves probabilities, and most good thinking is a gauge of probabilities.† He proceeds to express that his contention in which an embryo has a ramifications for the mankind of the hatchling is carefully a â€Å"appeal to probabilities that really exist.† To show his point concerning probabilities he utilizes a similarity. The similarity he utilizes is of a man who shoots into the shrubberies as a result of development in the hedges. On the off chance that the odds of this development in the shrubberies taking care of business were 200 million to one, at that point nobody would consider anything him terminating endlessly into the hedges. In any case, if th e odds are 4 out of 5 that the development is a man, at that point you would not be defended in terminating into the shrubberies. He utilizes this similarity to relate it to the advancement of an infant. At the point when a male discharges he radiates around 200 million spermatozoa. Of these 200 million, just one single spermatozoon gets an opportunity to form into a zygote. Noonan says that in this manner, on the off chance that one spermatozoon is pulverized than you’re just annihilating a being that had a one out of 200 million possibility of ever forming into a thinking being. This would be like the instance of shooting into the hedges whenever there is a one out of 200 million possibility that the development is that of a man. Then again, in the event that an embryo is demolished, at that point you’re ending a being that had â€Å"an 80 percent possibility of forming further into a child outside the belly who, in time, would reason.† This would be like shoo ting into the shrubberies when the development has a 4 out of 5 possibility of being that of a man. The likelihood of the child turning into a full being of reason radically transforms from a solitary spermatozoon (1 of every 200 million) to a baby (4 out of 5). This likelihood change is significant in light of the fact that it persuades that prematurely ending a hatchling isn't right a direct result of the high likelihood it has of turning into a being of reason.      Judith Jarvis Thomson offers a somewhat fascinating similarity to an undesirable pregnancy. Thomson starts her similarity with the theoretical circumstance of awakening and winding up wired by their circulatory framework to an outsider. The outsider... ... in which the dad is some shocking wet blanket would simply be plain off-base. Also that she didn’t need this pregnancy in any case. I additionally accept that a mother’s right to life is similarly as significant as a fetus’s right to life. Along these lines, on the off chance that proceeding with a pregnancy would be perilous, at that point a mother ought to reserve the privilege to prematurely end the embryo. In the event that a mother would decide to bite the dust all together for the infant to be brought into the world then it would be an unbelievable superrogative great, however she is under no commitment to forfeit herself in the interest of the baby. On the off chance that an individual has taken a dependable and sensible safeguard not to get pregnant, however does, at that point I feel they ought to likewise reserve the option to prematurely end the hatchling. I simply imagine that up to a cognizant exertion was made to forestall pregnancy, at that poi nt it is ethically allowable to have a fetus removal. Premature birth would not be ethically allowable, as I would like to think, for cases in which it is accomplished for accommodation. I firmly accept that a fetus’s right to life exceeds any accommodation issues in which the guardians may have.  â â â â  â â â â  â â â â  â â â â Premature birth Essays - papers research papers John T. Noonan makes the contention that the bounce in likelihood for a fetus’ coming to term, at a particular point in the advancement of the baby, has a significant ramifications for the humankind (personhood) of the hatchling. He puts together this contention with respect to the thinking that â€Å"life itself involves probabilities, and most good thinking is a gauge of probabilities.† He proceeds to express that his contention in which a hatchling has a ramifications for the humankind of the embryo is carefully a â€Å"appeal to probabilities that really exist.† To exhibit his point concerning probabilities he utilizes a similarity. The relationship he utilizes is of a man who shoots into the hedges as a result of development in the shrubs. On the off chance that the odds of this development in the shrubberies taking care of business were 200 million to one, at that point nobody would consider anything him terminating ceaselessly into the hedges. In any case, if the odds are 4 out of 5 that the development is a man, at that point you would not be advocated in terminating into the brambles. He utilizes this similarity to relate it to the advancement of a child. At the point when a male discharges he radiates around 200 million spermatozoa. Of these 200 million, just one single spermatozoon gets an opportunity to form into a zygote. Noonan says that hence, in the event that one spermatozoon is demolished than you’re just pulverizing a being that had a one of every 200 million possibility of ever forming into a thinking being. This would be like the instance of shooting into the brambles whenever there is a one of every 200 million possibility that the development is that of a man. Then again, in the event that an embryo is pulverized, at that point you’re ending a being that had â€Å"an 80 percent possibility of forming further into an infant outside the belly who, in time, would reason.† This would be like shooting into the hedges when the development has a 4 out of 5 possibility of being that of a man. The likelihood of the infant turning into a full being of reason definitely transforms from a solitary spermatozoon (1 out of 200 million) to an embryo (4 out of 5). This likelihood change is significant on the grounds that it persuades that prematurely ending an embryo isn't right a result of the high likelihood it has of turning into a being of reason.      Judith Jarvis Thomson offers a somewhat fascinating relationship to an undesirable pregnancy. Thomson starts her similarity with the speculative circumstance of awakening and winding up wired by their circulatory framework to an outsider. The outsider... ... in which the dad is some intolerable wet blanket would simply be plain off-base. Also that she didn’t need this pregnancy in any case. I additionally accept that a mother’s right to life is similarly as significant as a fetus’s right to life. Accordingly, on the off chance that proceeding with a pregnancy would be perilous, at that point a mother ought to reserve the option to prematurely end the hatchling. On the off chance that a mother would decide to kick the bucket all together for the infant to be brought into the world then it would be a unimaginable superrogative great, yet she is under no commitment to forfeit herself for the benefit of the baby. On the off chance that an individual has taken a mindful and sensible precautionary measure not to get pregnant, however does, at that point I feel they ought to likewise reserve the privilege to prematurely end the embryo. I simply believe that up to a cognizant exertion was made to forestall pregnancy, at that point it is ethically admissible to have a fetus removal. Fetus removal would not be ethically admissible, as I would like to think, for cases in which it is accomplished for accommodation. I firmly accept that a fetus’s right to life exceeds any comfort issues in which the guardians may have.  â â â â  â â â â  â â â â  â â â â

This graph shows the traffic going out of Birmingham City Centre using Broad Street

This diagram shows the traffic leaving Birmingham City Center utilizing Broad Street. Vehicles are the primary methods for transport leaving Birmingham City Center. Vehicles start off very low. Be that as it may, at 9:00 AM there is an expansion of the quantity of vehicles leaving Birmingham City Center. This might be because of a â€Å"rush hour†. Be that as it may, this solitary goes on for 60 minutes. Besides there is one more increment of vehicles leaving Birmingham City Center at 11:00 AM. This might be because of the reality it's getting closer to noon. Following an hour the reduction happens once more. Be that as it may, at 13:00 AM there is a huge increment of vehicles. This might be because of leaving in the wake of finishing their shopping. The measure of vehicles leaving Birmingham City Center continues expanding while the day goes on. Vans/mbs start off comparably, with the measure of vans/mbs beginning very low and progressively expanding. A similar example is appears with the transports. Lorries start off very high yet continue diminishing as the day goes on. Bikes remain low continually as the day progressed. This chart shows the traffic going into Birmingham City Center utilizing Broad Street. Vehicles are the fundamental vehicles going into Broad Street. We can see this because of the way that vehicles have the most noteworthy measure of vehicles by taking a gander at the chart. Lorries and bikes nonetheless, have the most reduced sum. During the early hours of the day the quantity of vehicles begins very high with the busy time being at about 8:00 AM. As the day goes on it begins to diminish. Anyway at around 12:00 PM there is an unexpected increment of traffic going into Birmingham City Center. This might be because of the reality it's around noon. At around 13:00 PM, there is a decrease in the measure of traffic going in. At that point it starts to ascend for an hour up until 14:00 PM, when it begins to diminish once more. From 14:00 PM till 17:00 PM the traffic going in continues diminishing. Transports and vans/mbs remain generally near one another as far as the measure of every that seems, by all accounts, to be going into Broad Street. Be that as it may, transports show a similar kind of example that vehicles appear. During 8:00AM till 9:00PM the measure of transports is very high. This is very comparable with the vans/mbs. There is an unexpected increment at 13:00PM. Anyway Lorries and bikes consistently remain low as the day progressed. This chart shows the traveler vehicle units (PCU) coming into Broad road. PCU represents traveler vehicle unit. This measurement is utilized to gauge the traffic-stream rate on a street, for example, Broad Street. The chart above is likely the most imperative proof that unravels my speculation. This diagram would give me an away from of whether Broad Street (a primary course into the city) was blocked. Utilizing the Government calculates the immersion point for a street, for example, Broad Street is 1522. This implied when a worth was over this, the street was clogged. The chart shows that Broad Street was clogged for the duration of the day. At 9:00 AM it's at its most elevated (2780), this is top time as it were. From 11:00 AM onwards, the figures consistently remained over 2000 however remained underneath 2500. I can say that Broad Street on that day was clogged consistently.

The Basis of a Moral Judgement

The Basis of a Moral Judgment The discussion regarding the matter of good judgment is constant and can't be effortlessly settled since there is no total standard of what is extremely good and on what grounds individuals make moral decisions. The premise used to make a standard of ethical quality varies with various individuals.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Basis of a Moral Judgment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some individuals request to logic of the arrangements introduced at a given second as the premise of judgment while others offer to religion as their sole guidance for profound quality. This paper investigates the perspectives on David Hume and Immanuel Kant with respect to the idea of good judgment. To start with, we analyze Kant’s moral way of thinking. His essential thought is human self-sufficiency (Fieser 284). One of the undertakings of good way of thinking is to find the coupling standards of conduct among people. Kant contends that conte mplating human humanities just gives a thought of how individuals act and neglects to give the perfect conduct that is normal (Fieser 284). Indeed, even with this weakness, individuals despite everything make moral decisions. Fieser sees that Kant’s contention for a situation, for example, â€Å"we should tell the truth† (285) is basically like the logical view that all progressions should have a reason. The announcement â€Å"we should advise the truth† is compared to a logical view as it depends on reason and not an individual’s experience. Reason acquaints a part of causality with perceptible articles along these lines clarifying the change. It further establishments a feature of obligation to an ethical circumstance. Accordingly, this obligation breeds ideas of ‘ought to’ and ‘ought not to’ in moral circumstances. Kant holds the view that ideas rise above realities experienced at some random second. Along these lines, commitm ents must not be founded on the uncommon properties of human instinct or upon the results, however on the idea of reason. Kant’s see regarding the matter of ethical quality depends on familiarity with guideline of conduct that is general and important (Fieser 286). Comprehensiveness and need, as per Kant’s contentions, are the basics of judgment. Kant centers around ‘goodness’ as a quality influencing activities and not as a sane part of conduct. Kants moral way of thinking focuses on self-sufficiency. He proposes one basic standard of profound quality from which all individual good obligations radiate (the ethical law). Kant contends that individuals give themselves moral laws just as the general laws of nature. As indicated by Kant, people should act as indicated by rules that they wish should become all inclusive laws (Fieser 289).Advertising Looking for paper on theory? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Le arn More Kant’s moral way of thinking isn't finished without taking a gander at his concept of the all out objectives (Bowen 37). The absolute basic thinks about the comprehensiveness of good law. It administers freedom and independence to a person’s will in this manner insisting indisputably the value of every sane individual (Fieser 289). As indicated by Kant, individuals are good and reasonable equivalents henceforth they should act as indicated by the proverbs that they wish to become all inclusive laws. Because of reasonability, people make a similar arrangement of laws everywhere throughout the world (Birsch 56). Kant gives an implication that individuals are simply the end and not the unfortunate chore (Birsch 56). The announcement â€Å"act so that you treat humankind whether in your individual or in the individual of another, consistently simultaneously as an end and never basically as the means† (57) is an away from of his remain on ethical quality. By goodness of being levelheaded, individuals can utilize others to achieve assignments for them as an approach to achieve an end, yet never just as the way keeping that in mind (Birsch 57). As indicated by Kant, this is acting ethically. David Hume’s way to deal with profound quality is logical as he gets a kick out of the chance to call it. He affirms that ethical quality is a subject that intrigues all people (Fieser 251). Hume contends that ethical judgment is similarly a consequence of feeling all things considered of reason. He guarantees that ethical appraisals are passionate reactions. As indicated by Hume, reason in shaping good decisions is constrained as it stresses ‘matters of facts’ and ‘relations of ideas.’ Matters of realities and relations of thoughts are decisions of certainties or deception of things dependent on a person’s emotionality (Fieser 251). As indicated by Hume’s moral way of thinking, when somebody carries out homicide there is a hidden truth behind the wrongdoing. A distinctive memory of all that occurs at the hour of perpetrating the wrongdoing doesn't obviously show which part of the occasion comprises the wrongdoing. It isn't evident whether a wrongdoing has been submitted on the grounds that the episode is considered either as homicide or as a demonstration of self-preservation relying upon the realities gathered. Two significant viewpoints to consider in such a situation are simply the demonstration and the thought process behind the demonstration. In this manner, moral judgment is just a development of the brain and is helpless to suppositions (Fieser 251). Hume’s moral appraisal of individual activities mulls over the thoughtful perspectives of torment and delight experienced on perception of somebody else’s activities. Hume fights that ethical conclusions are widespread and that all people have them. He further includes that individuals acclaim or accuse a comparat ive activity and that the commendation or fault isn't a result of limited self-love.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Basis of a Moral Judgment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More He says that the thoughtful emotions are not confined to explicit occasions, yet are natural (Fieser 252). The temperances that trigger general nature of good endorsement incorporate industry, judiciousness and alert. He demands that there are all inclusive contentions and that even the most negative individuals concur that these excellencies are all inclusive. These characteristics are helpful and pleasant not exclusively to the individual possessing them, yet in addition to the whole network (Fieser 252). Immanuel Kant and David Hume attempt to give a premise on which moral judgment is shaped. As indicated by Kant, people introduce a dependable manual for moral realities inside themselves. All things considered, they don't generally stick to this guide. Hume, the n again, sees the thought of good truth as dangerous and that it depends on emotions. The two thinkers overestimate the human capacity to grow all around moral laws (Birsch 56; Fieser 253). As indicated by Kant, discerning creatures should come to sensible end results that are satisfactory to all. In Hume’s see, even the most negative people concur on specific ideals. People can't be trusted to be faultless since it is unquestionable that human is to blunder. Thusly, neither one of the philosophers is focused on the possibility that people judge faultlessly. The two logicians devote their concentration to the subject of finding what precisely makes the law. For example, utilizing Hume’s profound quality on account of a homicide and what comprises a wrongdoing all things considered, there are numerous depictions of the occasion. In any case, it is dubious what occurs if the wrongdoing is submitted in self-protection. Albeit human resources of feelings are shaky and abst ract, there is no ethical defense for executing paying little heed to the clarifications given (Fieser 253). A similar thought of the absence of a flat out good standard is predictable with both philosophers’ thinking. As per Kant, there are different components worked in human wants and other human inclinations that particular obligations request from them at different occasions. A judicious being on occasion carries on of tendency or personal circumstance. Fieser gives an outline of someone who wishes to be well known (Fieser 287). This individual must act in acquiescence to specific principles that procure him the endorsement he wants. Be that as it may, the individual’s prominence isn't fundamental. Along these lines, there is no total standard that decides if an individual’s self discipline at some random point is in accordance with the law. Nothing can be mistaken for being wholeheartedly acceptable without a type of capability. Indeed, even the balance of energy isn't typically viewed as something to be thankful for. Kant contends that it is the humans’ balanced resolution that guides in the production of an all inclusive law. This is the law that is acceptable and inbuilt in people who don't in every case satisfy the law’s goodness (Fieser 287).Advertising Searching for exposition on theory? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More There are prominent contrasts between the two philosophers’ sees. Hume’s contentions think about the job of feeling nearby explanation while Kant’s propositions forget about the job of feeling in moral judgment. David Hume considers the truth that the human will isn't just controlled by reason, but on the other hand is affected by different factors, for example, feelings (Fieser 252). Kant’s soundness and consistency standards give no space for the subjectivism of emotionality. Along these lines, it very well may be inferred that profound quality is an emotional point and that David Hume and Immanuel Kant have various thoughts on this idea. Birsch, Douglas. Philosophical Issues: A Brief Introduction, New York: McGraw-Hill organizations, 2003. Print. Bowen, L. Jonathan. The Categorical Imperative of a Confucian Evil Demon in America, Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, 2005. Print. Fieser, Stumpf. Socrates to Sartre and Beyond: A History of Philosophy, New York: McGraw -Hill Companies, 2008. Print.

The History of Fashion Costume Free Essays

The History of Fashion Costume Fashion Costume has produced for a huge number of years, the most clear line of division is the male and female dress. The Greeks and the Romans wore tunics which are like skirts. In this period the pieces of clothing would have a hung detail whether it is manly or ladylike. We will compose a custom paper test on The History of Fashion Costume or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The style history on old Greece has been roused by the Greek containers, pots and sculptures. The Greek and Romans would utilize textures like silk and material. Antiquated Egypt Antiquated Egypt is a sweltering atmosphere, the ensembles were constantly white since white mirrors the sun which is cooler to wear. The old Egyptian ladies with higher class wear wigs they could be made out of human hair or creature hair. They wore wigs since they needed to shield there heads from the sun, they were likewise female for the high society ladies and had extraordinary styles, for example, beading and twisting that despite everything goes on to this current day. Egyptian pieces of clothing were a decent quality for a large number of years the Egyptians woven cotton. Creature skins were worn by the cleric and pharaohs. Assembling the articles of clothing was generally the women’s Job and mostly done at home, the workshops were controlled by the men. The significant material was cloth which delivered from flax. High fashion Haute couture is a French expression for high style. Couture meaner hand-made dress creation sewing and needle work. Haute meaner exquisite and high. There are celebrated couture planners in France and are a gigantic accomplishment right up 'til today, for example, Coco Channel, Christian Dior and Gucci. Contingent upon the couture configuration house and the article of clothing the couture thing would begin from EIA,OOH. A Channel couture suit in 2002 would have EYE,OOH by 2004 a night dress would cost EYE,OOH or more. The motivation behind why these pieces of clothing are out of this world is a direct result of the name, creativity of the unordinary plan and the best quality in textures. Design Fashion ponders people groups character each individual has an alternate style. There are a wide range of societies in style any place you circumvent the world the design sense possibly customary. By Fidelity The most effective method to refer to The History of Fashion Costume, Essays

Seasonal Affective Disorder Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Seasonal Affective Disorder Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Depression Types Print An Overview of Seasonal Affective Disorder By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 21, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Martin Dimitrov / Getty Images More in Depression Types Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping View All Back To Top Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder that is characterized by symptoms that occur at the same time each year, usually during the darker, shorter days of fall and winter. Symptoms can include depression, fatigue, and social withdrawal. While this condition usually resolves within a few months, it can have a serious impact on how a person feels and functions. It is not uncommon for people to experience seasonal fluctuation in moods. You may have noticed how a gray, rainy day makes you feel gloomy and tired, while a sunny day can leave you feeling cheerful and energized. The longer, sunnier days of summer are often associated with better moods, while the shorter, darker days that begin in late fall often align with an increase in SAD symptoms. Shorter days combined with the stress of the winter holiday season can make the colder months of the year a trying time for many people. And with mood-boosting sunlight in such short supply, the added stresses of living up to our images of the picture-perfect holiday are just too much. Insufficient exposure to sunlight has been associated with low levels of melatonin and serotonin, carbohydrate craving, weight gain, and sleep disturbance. Symptoms The symptoms of SAD occur cyclically with a return of symptoms each year during the winter months. These symptoms tend to be the typical symptoms of depression, including:?? Increased sleepIncreased appetite and carbohydrate cravingsWeight gainIrritabilityInterpersonal difficulties (especially rejection sensitivity)A heavy, leaden feeling in the arms or legs Causes Seasonal affective disorder is believed to be caused by a disturbance in the normal circadian rhythm of the body. Sunlight entering through the eyes influences this rhythm. When its dark, the pineal gland produces a substance called melatonin which is responsible for the drowsiness we feel each day after dusk. Light entering the eyes at dawn shuts off the production of melatonin. During the shorter days of winter, when people may rise before dawn or not leave their offices until after sunset, these normal rhythms may become disrupted, producing the symptoms of SAD. There is also evidence linking SAD to a reduced amount of the neurotransmitter serotonin.?? Serotonin is the feel-good substance that is increased by antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This decrease in serotonin production may be responsible for many of the symptoms of SAD, such as depression and carbohydrate cravings. Diagnosis There is no laboratory test for SAD. It is diagnosed based upon a persons symptom history using criteria set forth by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The DSM-5 does not consider SAD to be a separate disorder. Instead, it is a “specifier” of a major depressive episode diagnosis. In order to be diagnosed with SAD a person must, first of all, meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. At least five of the symptoms listed below must be present most of the time during a two-week period. Further, at least one of the persons symptoms must be one of the first two items listed. A depressed mood that is due to a medical condition or that is related to the content of a delusion or hallucination that the person is experiencing would not count. Feelings of depressionLoss of interest in things once enjoyedChanges in appetite or weight not associated with intentional dietary changes for the purpose of gaining or losing weightSleeping too much or too littlePsychomotor agitation or retardationFatigue  or lost energyFeelings of worthlessness or excessive guiltProblems with concentration, thought, or decision-makingThoughts of death or suicide   Any symptoms that could be better explained by their connection to a medical condition, substance use, or grief would not count toward a depression diagnosis. In addition, a psychotic disorder, such as schizoaffective disorder, would have to be ruled out as a cause for the symptoms. If these criteria fit, the following criteria would also need to be met to obtain a seasonal pattern specifier: A seasonal pattern of onset and cessation in major depressive episodesTwo major depressive episodes meeting all of the above criteria for the past two years without any episodes of major depression have occurred at other times of the yearA lifetime pattern of having mainly seasonally-related major depressive episodes Treatment Seasonal affective therapy responds well to treatment. The most commonly used treatments for SAD include light therapy, medication, and psychotherapy. Light Therapy Light therapy using a device that gives off bright, white light is considered the best form of treatment for SAD at this time. In fall 1998, a group of 13 Canadian specialists issued a set of professional consensus guidelines for the treatment of SAD.?? Among their conclusions: The starting dose for light therapy using a fluorescent lightbox is 10,000 lux for 30 minutes per day. (Alternatively, lightboxes emitting 2,500 lux require two hours of exposure per day.)Light therapy should be started in the early morning, upon awakening, to maximize treatment response.Response to light therapy often occurs within one week, but some patients may require up to four weeks to show a response.Common side effects of light therapy include headache, eyestrain, nausea, and agitation, but these effects are generally mild and transient or disappear with reducing the dose of light. According to Dr. Michael Terman, head of the Winter Depression Program at Columbia-Presbyterian University, the consensus in the United States is that post-awakening bright light therapy, using a broad-spectrum white light source at 10,000 lux, is the first-line intervention.?? Drugs should be brought in as adjuvants only if light therapy is insufficient. Optimum dosing of light is crucial since if done wrong it can produce no improvement, partial improvement, or even worsening of symptoms. Buying the Right Light Box for Seasonal Affective Disorder In a study published in the Archives of General Psychiatry researchers exposed participants with SAD to bright lights that were 10 to 20 times brighter than normal indoor electrical lights.?? One group was exposed to these lights for approximately one and a half hours in the morning, while a second group was exposed in the evening. The third group received a placebo treatment. The participants who were exposed to the morning bright light treatments experienced full or near-full relief from depression. Newer research published in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease has found that even a single, one-hour light session can rapidly improve symptoms of depression in people with SAD.?? And morning therapy, specifically, can help to correct any sleep-wake cycle issues contributing to the symptoms. The Best Light Therapy Lamps Medications On June 12, 2006, Wellbutrin XL (bupropion hydrochloride) became the first drug approved specifically for SAD in the United States. The effectiveness of Wellbutrin XL for the prevention of SAD episodes was established in three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in adults with a history of major depressive disorder in fall and winter.?? Treatment began in the September through November timeframe, prior to the onset of symptoms. Treatment ended the first week of spring. In these trials, the percentage of patients who were depression-free at the end of treatment was significantly higher for those on Wellbutrin XL than for those on placebo. For all three studies combined, the overall rate of patients depression-free at the end of treatment was 84% for those on Wellbutrin XL, compared to 72% for those on placebo. Wellbutrin XL is chemically unrelated to other common antidepressant medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In fact, there is no conclusive evidence from randomized trials to support the use of SSRIs in the treatment of SAD. Psychotherapy Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also be an effective treatment for SAD, particularly if it is used in conjunction with light therapy and medication. CBT involves identifying negative thought patterns that contribute to symptoms and then replacing these thoughts with more positive ones.   Best Online Resources for Depression Coping Healthy habits and lifestyle choices can also help reduce SAD symptoms. Things that you can do include: Getting regular exerciseGetting enough sleepEating a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and protein Vitamin D Research has found that people with SAD often have low vitamin D levels.?? Because of this, people with the condition are often encouraged to increase their intake of this vitamin either through diet, exposure to sunshine, or vitamin supplementation. However, research on effectiveness has been mixed. Some studies have suggested that it may be as effective as light therapy, while other studies have found no positive effect of vitamin D on SAD symptoms.?? Always talk to your doctor before taking any medication, supplement, or herbal remedy to treat seasonal affective disorder. Monitor Your Symptoms Recognizing your tendency to experience seasonal depression can be helpful in aiding your treatment and coping. By knowing the signs, youll be able to reach out to your doctor and make lifestyle changes that may help you cope more effectively sooner. The Center for Environmental Therapeutics (CET), a non-profit organization that provides educational materials about SAD, offers free, downloadable self-assessment questionnaires, as well as interpretation guides, to help you determine if you should seek professional advice. Among the quizzes available are the AutoPIDS and AutoMEQ. Used together, the AutoPIDS helps you determine whether you have the symptoms of SAD and what your natural bedtime is, and the AutoSIGH tracks your current state of depression. While helpful resources, these tests should not be taken as a firm diagnosis, so be sure to discuss your results with your primary care physician or mental health professional prior to beginning any treatment. A Word From Verywell Seasonal mood shifts are common, but sometimes seasonal depression may represent a serious condition that can impact your well-being and ability to function normally. If you suspect that what you are feeling might be seasonal affective disorder (SAD), talk to your doctor to explore treatment options that will work for you.

Blake and Wordsworth Versus Society - Literature Essay Samples

Although scholars classify both William Wordsworth and William Blake as romantic poets, their writing styles and individual perspectives differ tremendously. Wordsworth, though he is not so blind as to ignore the strife that is prevalent in everyday society, tends to focus on more positive aspects of life, and chooses to dwells in an existence where silver-lined clouds float gently above pansy-blanketed fields. Blake, on the other hand, is more of a realist. He focuses on the many injustices humankind has suffered at the expense of industrialisation and on the malignancy of society.William Blakes The Tyger clearly shows the speakers jaded view of society. The Tyger laments the advent of civilisation in the 18th century. The speaker does not necessarily oppose industrialisation in itself; the evil he sees lies in what society has done with new technology. The tiger that Blake drew at the bottom of the poem appears to be caught in a state of wide-eyed wonder and astonishment. He certainly has the potential to wreak havoc, but in this moment of time, he seems to be reluctant to do so. This beautiful creature must be exposed to the proper conditions in order to respond in such a way. In Blakes view, technology is the same as the tiger. Machines, engines, and other technological advances are amazing inventions, but they all have the potential to destroy, maim, and kill. Our society provides technology with the opportunity to achieve these disastrous ends. Capitalistic factory owners exploit young children, sometimes resulting in their death, in order to become rich while others starve to death on the streets. Rapid advances in weaponry allow governments to achieve their political ends at the expense of soldiers blood. The speaker feels that the celestial beings waterd heaven with their tears (5.18) because they foresaw the atrocities the industrial revolution would bring to society. He wonders aloud if the people responsible for these inventions knew what the result would be. If so, did this please them? The fact that such base people could exist plagues the speaker in line 19: Did he smile his work to see? The speaker goes on to ask, Did he who made the Lamb make thee? (5.20) He finds it hard to believe that a God who could create something as soft and gentle as a lamb could allow the hard, fierce tiger- technology- to be made. Surely, a loving God would prevent a society from advancing so far that it destroys its own sense of humanity. Blake, through The Tyger, shows his very real understanding of the destructive elements of human society and civilisation.Blake continues his commentary on society in the poem London. At the beginning of the poem, the speaker wanders freely through London, yet he sees how ordered the city, and even the Thames River, is. Even the people cannot escape from their predetermined course in life: In every cry of every Man,/In every Infants cry of fear,/In every voice, in every ban,/The mind-forg d manacles I hear. (2.5-8) These manacles are formed in the mind; social status is merely an abstract construction. Society has declared that one born into poverty will remain in that state for the rest of his or her life. Even if this is true, who is to say that material wealth determines happiness and fullness of life? The speaker of London seems to be challenging these social traditions, and the society that creates such imposing restraints.While Blake sees society as an unfeeling monster that devours the downy innocents caught in its path, Wordsworth feels that society only ruins those who allow themselves to be jaded. In Resolution and Independence, the speaker starts the day full of life and youthful exuberance: The pleasant season did my heart employ:/My old remembrances went from me wholly;/And all the ways of men, so vain and melancholy. (3.19-21) While the speaker is happy at the moment, he realises that mankind cannot, or refuses to, escape from an existence marred by vain and melancholy. In stanza four, he begins to fear that with joy comes the realisation of all one has to lose; that for every mountain in life, there must also exist a valley that is at least as low as the mountain is high. However, this has not always been the case. The speaker reveals that My whole life I have lived in pleasant thought/As if lifes business were a summer mood;/As if all needful things would come unsought/To genial faith, still rich in genial good. (6.36-39) In other words, up until this present moment in time, he believed that in order to achieve happiness, all one had to do was have faith and lead a life of integrity, honesty and selflessness. Now, though, through exposure to society, he is filled with doubt and despair: We Poets in our youth begin in gladness;/ But thereof come in the end despondency and madness. (7.48-49) Another aspect of society that the speaker exposes in Resolution and Independence is the artificiality of everyday communication. Though he feels depressed, he approaches the leech-gatherer and says, This morning gives us promise of a glorious day. (12.84) He could just be trying to give the leech-gatherer, or even himself, hope of a pleasant afternoon. However, more probably, he is revealing that society dictates what one can and cannot say to people in different situations. This holds true even today, as a co-worker asks How are you?, and gets the expected reply: Fine. Does the person who asks actually care about how the other person is feeling? Will the other person still respond the same way if he or she is suicidal? Wordsworth recognised that people rarely feel free to speak what is actually on their minds, and brings this to the forefront in his ridiculous statement to the leech-gatherer.Wordsworth compares the old man to huge stone on top of a cliff (9.57-60). Seen in this light, the leech-gatherer is no longer just another person in society, but a marvel that is somehow connected to the univers e. Though he seems to have no reason to rejoice in life, he somehow seems content and fulfilled. He knows he possesses a significant role on earth, no matter how menial, and refuses to allow the despair and hopelessness of others affect him. Blake would undoubtedly see the old man and lament on the brutal society that allowed an elderly gentleman to arrive in such a state of apparent despondency. Wordsworth, however, sees an opportunity in the leech-gatherer. Instead of despairing over the old man he sees, the speaker instead chooses to learn what he can from him. Wordsworth sees what few others would: hope in an old man searching for leeches, wisdom in someone from the bottom of the economic and social ladder. The only people who are tainted by the evils of society are those who allow themselves to be.Blake and Wordsworth seem to agree that society is damaging. What they differ on though, is to what extent society has the ability with which to deplete the vitality of the bo dy, the hope of the soul, and the sharpness of the mind. Blake sees nothing redeeming whatsoever in society, and would likely want the existing social system to be removed and replaced with one that is not so rife with social disparities and strife. Wordsworth, on the other hand, realises that injustices do exist, but also believes that life is what one makes of it. Certainly, it is impossible to never experience sorrow, but it is also possible for members of all social classes to lead a fulfilling life complete with hope, joy, wisdom, and contentment. The choice, in Wordsworths view at least, lies in the conscience decisions made by every man, woman and child.Works CitedBlake, William. London. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams et al. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 2000. 56-57.Blake, William. The Tyger. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams et al. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 2000. 54.Wordsworth, William . Resolution and Independence. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams et al. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 2000. 280-284.

Price Elasticity of Supply

This is the third article in this series on the economic concept of elasticity. The first explains the basic concept of elasticity and illustrates it using price elasticity of demand as an example. The second article in the series considers Income Elasticity of Demand.  Ã‚   A brief review  of the concept of elasticity and of price elasticity of demand appears in the section immediately following. In the section following that income elasticity of demand is also reviewed.  In the final section, price elasticity of supply is explained and its formula given in the context of the discussion and reviews in the previous sections. A Brief Review of Elasticity in Economics Consider the demand for a certain good—aspirin, for example. What happens to the demand for one manufacturers aspirin product when that manufacturer—which well call manufacturer X—raises the price? Keeping that question in mind, consider a different situation: the demand for the worlds most expensive new automobile, the  Koenigsegg CCXR Trevita. Its reported retail price is $4.8 million. What do you think might happen if the manufacturer raised the price to $5.2M or lowered it to $4.4M?   Now, return to the question of the demand for manufacturer Xs aspirin product following an increase in the retail price. If you guessed that the demand for Xs aspirin  might decline substantially, youd be right. It makes sense, because, first, every manufacturers aspirin product is essentially the same as anothers—theres no health advantage whatsoever in selecting one manufacturers product over another. Second, the product is widely available from a number of other manufacturers—the consumer always has a number available choices. So, when a consumer selects an aspirin product, one of the few things that distinguish manufacturer Xs product from others is that it costs a little more. So why would the consumer choose X? Well, some might continue to buy aspirin X out of habit or brand loyalty, but many very probably would not. Now, lets return to the Koenigsegg CCXR, which currently costs $4.8M, and think about what might happen if the price went up or down a few hundred thousand. If you thought it might not change the demand for the car by that much, youre right again. Why? Well, first of all, anyone in the market for a multi-million dollar automobile is not a frugal shopper. Someone who has money enough to consider the purchase is unlikely to be concerned about price. Theyre concerned primarily about the car, which is unique. So the second reason why the demand might not change much with price is that, really, if you want that particular driving experience, theres no alternative. How would you state these two situations in more formal economic terms? Aspirin has a high price elasticity of demand, meaning that small changes in price have greater demand consequences. The Koenigsegg CCXR Trevita has a low elasticity of demand, meaning that changing the price doesnt greatly change buyer demand.  Another way of stating the same thing a little more generally is that when the demand for the product has a percentage change thats less than the percentage change in the products price, the demand is said to be inelastic. When the percentage increase or decrease in demand is greater than the percentage increase in price, the demand  is said to be elastic.   The formula for price elasticity of demand, which is explained in a little more detail in the first article in this series, is: Price Elasticity of Demand (PEoD) (% Change in Quantity Demanded/ (% Change in Price) A Review of Income Elasticity of Demand The second article in this series, Income Elasticity of Demand, considers the effect on demand of a different variable, this time consumer income. What happens to consumer demand when consumer income drops? The article explains that what happens to consumer demand for a product when consumer income drops depends upon the product. If the product is a necessity—water, for instance—when consumer income drops they will continue to use water—perhaps a little more carefully—but theyll probably cut back on other purchases. To generalize this idea slightly, consumer demand for essential products will be relatively inelastic  with respect to changes in consumer income, but elastic  for products that are not essential. The formula for this is: Income Elasticity of Demand (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Income) Price Elasticity of Supply The price elasticity of supply (PEoS) is used to see how sensitive the supply of a good is to a price change. The higher the price elasticity, the more sensitive producers and sellers are to price changes. A very high price elasticity suggests that when the price of a good goes up, sellers will supply a great deal less of the good and when the price of that good goes down, sellers will supply a great deal more. A very low price elasticity implies just the opposite, that changes in price have little influence on supply. The formula for price elasticity of supply is: PEoS (% Change in Quantity Supplied)/(% Change in Price) As with the elasticity of other variables If PEoS 1 then Supply is Price Elastic (Supply is sensitive to price changes)If PEoS 1 then Supply is Unit ElasticIf PEoS 1 then Supply is Price Inelastic (Supply is not sensitive to price changes) Incidentally, we always ignore the negative sign when analyzing  price  elasticity, so PEoS is always positive.

Gender and Sexuality in Sports Essay - 973 Words

Gender and Sexuality in Sports When individuals, male or female, decide to enter a non-traditional sport for his/ her gender, there will inevitably be benefits and costs. Because sports themselves are divided along gender and race lines, one would expect that individuals who intend to play a sport deemed by culture and by society as counterintuitive are bound to be criticized and alienated because of their choices. Difference automatically threatens conventions, traditions, and expectations, and hence, it threatens the individuals who belong to that traditional sphere. Because sports are affected as much by funding as they are by issues of diversity and accessibility, the following questions address those issues: which group of people†¦show more content†¦Women, however, are perceived by society as the gentler sex. Women are thought of as nurturers, mothers, daughters, but they are not thought of as being physically strong or physically capable of being strong. Once women began to enter the sports world, their coaches and spectators had different standards for them. They were expected to look feminine, to wear feminine uniforms, and to compete against each other but to have no physical contact with other players. The fact is that when women first began to play sports they were still something to be objectified. They were something to survey, and they had to be pleasing to the eye (mens eyes). I want foxes, not oxes (Ed Temple, Tennessee State 1952). This statement reinforces societys expectations regarding not only the ways women are supposed to look as they are engaged in a sport but it also gives credibility to the type of sports women are traditionally allowed to play. Because gender constructions have been so influential in deciding what positions men and women occupy in the world and what part of ones identity should be reinforced in the activities one chooses to engage in, men and womens involvement in sports that do not reflect cultural and/or societal expectations like weight lifting, body building, boxing for women, and synchronized swimming, figure skating, field hockey for men can result in a number of conflicts. It can lead to social,Show MoreRelatedFemale Gender And Sexuality Constructed Through Sport3418 Words   |  14 PagesHow is female gender and sexuality constructed through sport? Within sport, as throughout society, gender differences exist. The socially constructed phenomenon of gender dictates a dichotomous system whereby females are feminine and males are masculine. Focusing on females specifically, society determines the feminine traits and roles ascribed to this gender. Being domesticated, slender, passive and heterosexual are a part of the desirable appearance that society has formed surrounding femininityRead More Societal Views on Sports and Gender Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesSocietal Views on Sports and Gender Sports have become a major part of American culture and society. It is ingrained in us as a small child that playing a sport is almost necessary. In elementary school we take physical education where we are exposed to competitive sport. But even at this level it is our genders that control which types of sports are deemed appropriate. Since women started to become involved in sports, there have always been those who have opposed them being there. We sawRead MoreSex Tests And Gender Policies Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesup normative ideas about bodies, genders and sexualities in order to preserve the societal hierarchy that greatly benefits them. White, cisgender, heterosexual males are often at the top of this hierarchy and are the active perpetrators of their imposed rigid standards. Categories are created by these dominant groups to exercise their control and those who do not fit or refuse to categorize themselves are punished, either metaphorically or literally. In the sports realm, these norms are ubiquitousRead MoreThe Effects Of Queer Theory On Post Secondary Sport Teams1397 Words   |  6 PagesDRAFT ASSIGNMENT The Effects of Queer Theory On Post-Secondary Sport Teams Shayna Stoymenoff SDS378 Instructor: David Pereira February 29, 2016 The issue of sexuality in sports is highly complex and controversial. Through queer theory, it enables one to challenge traditional and heteronormative assumptions regarding gender and sexuality by reconstructing labels used for sexual identification, emphasizing both physical and mental strength and skill among British male university students and rejectingRead MoreAnalysis Of A Miniature Lit 1742 Words   |  7 PagesJarvis Washington Miniature Lit Review Introduction Gender inequality in sport is a hot button issue in our society today. Women, for the most part, have been on the short end of the stick for centuries in reference to participation in sports. Way back in Ancient times, women were not even allowed to watch the Olympics games because they were deemed â€Å"ladylike†. Women slowly began to play sports beginning in the 1800s. Some notable events were the first all-women’s golf tournament in Scotland inRead More Black Women in Sports: Sexuality and Athleticism Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Women in Sports: Sexuality and Athleticism Men and women who chose to engage in sports from which they would traditionally be discouraged because of their gender, particularly as professionals, redefine the sport. The social and cultural costs are not the result of the individuals participation, but rather the way in which sports have been socially, politically, and economically constructed. Gender is only one of the few ways in which people are categorized according to their proficiencyRead MoreThe Body, Gender, And Sexuality964 Words   |  4 PagesAllise Sellers Unit 2 Reading Response The body, gender, and sexuality are intertwined concepts that have been simplified to a point that attempts to explain each of these characteristic constructs purely through biology. However, ignoring the social implications in various cultures takes away from the complex analysis these foundational human descriptors actually deserve. In the writings of R.W. Connell, Suzanne Kessler, S.E. Smith, Lisa Wade, Riki Wilchins, and Patricia Hill Collins, these authorsRead MoreSocio-Cultural Influences On Sexuality. Socio-Cultural1156 Words   |  5 PagesSocio-Cultural Influences on Sexuality Socio-cultural influence plays a major role in sexual behaviors. It gives a better comprehension on why men are men and women are women. These socio-cultural are influenced by physical, emotional, cultural and economic aspects. Time and time again research has proven that socio-cultural influences have a significant role in human sexuality. Culture is the manner of life of the people. Thus, culture shapes the ideas of what behaviors are acceptable for men andRead Moreâ€Å"Transsexual and Transgender Policies in Sport†, Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesPolicies in Sport†, the vast variety of genders that make up our society today including transsexuals and transgender are still not accepted into the world of sports due to anxieties from large sporting organizations. In our culture, there is a ‘binary structure’ which separates male from female. When a person is transsexual or transgender, the binary structure becomes challenged. There are so many exceptions t o the binary structure, that it becomes nearly impossible to universalize â€Å"gender inclusiveRead MoreDo A Fast Food Commercial That Will Become Explicit As This Paper984 Words   |  4 Pagescommercial for this assignment because it is a good example of intersectionality with different cultural identifiers: gender, athlete, fast food, and a bit of sexuality. The four cultural differences are all interweaved in a very interesting way; however, let’s discussed each one. With Ronda, gender comes up very quickly. A female that can fight at this level shouts volumes for not only gender roles, but also cultural values. The cultural of men or woman has changed over the course of time—change has been

Sobek, the Crocodile God of Ancient Egypt

The Nile River may have been Egypt’s lifeblood, but it also held one of its greatest dangers: crocodiles. These giant reptiles were represented in Egypt’s pantheon, too, in the form of the god Sobek. Sobek and the Twelfth Dynasty Sobek rose to national prominence during the Twelfth Dynasty (1991-1786 B.C.). Pharaohs Amenemhat I and Senusret I built on the already existing worship of Sobek in Faiyum, and Senusret II constructed a pyramid at that site. Pharaoh Amenemhat III dubbed himself â€Å"beloved of Sobek of Shedet† and added splendid additions to the crocodile god’s temple there. To top it off, the first female ruler of Egypt, Sobekneferu (â€Å"the Beauty of Sobek†), hailed from this dynasty. There were even several relatively obscure rulers named Sobekhotep who made up part of the succeeding Thirteenth Dynasty. Most prominently worshiped in the Faiyum, an oasis in Upper Egypt (a.k.a. Shedet), Sobek remained a popular god throughout Egypt’s millennia-long history. Legend has it that one of Egypt’s first kings, Aha, built a temple to Sobek in the Faiyum. In the Pyramid  Texts of the Old Kingdom pharaoh Unas, Aha is referred to as the â€Å"lord of Bakhu,† one of the mountains that supported Heaven. Sobek in Greco-Roman Times Even in Greco-Roman times, Sobek was honored. In his Geography, Strabo discusses the Faiyum, of Arsinoe, a.k.a. Crocodopolis (the City of the Crocodile) and Shedet. He says: â€Å"The people in this Nome hold in very great honor the crocodile, and there is a sacred one there which is kept and fed by itself in a lake, and is tame to the priests.† The croc was also venerated around Kom Ombo—at a temple complex built by the Ptolemies  and near the city of Thebes, where there was a cemetery full of crocodile mummies. A Monster in Myth In the Pyramid Texts, Sobeks mama, Neith, is mentioned, and his attributes are discussed. The Texts state: â€Å"I am Sobek, green of plumage[†¦]I appear as Sobek, Neith’s son. I eat with my mouth, I urinate and copulate with my penis. I am lord of semen, who takes women from their husbands to the place I like according to my mind’s fancy.† From this passage, it is clear that  Sobek was involved in fertility. In the Middle Kingdom-era Hymn to Hapy,  Sobek—who was the god of the Niles inundation—bares his teeth as the Nile floods and fertilizes Egypt. To further his monster-like demeanor, Sobek is described as having eaten Osiris. In fact, cannibalization of gods by other gods wasn’t uncommon. Crocodiles weren’t always seen as benevolent, however, they were  sometimes  thought to be messengers of  Set, god of destruction. Sobek helped Osiris’s son, Horus, when, Isis (Horus mother), cut his hands off. Re asked Sobek to retrieve them, and he did so by  inventing a fishing trap.

Authoritative And Authoritarian Parenting Styles Essay

Tashanique Jolliff Professor Li Huang Psychology 02 December 2016 Authoritative and Authoritarian Parenting Starting at birth, children begin to develop social and emotional skills. A strong foundation of social and emotional skills will help them make better choices in adulthood. It is important for parents, no matter their age, to ensure their children are adequately prepared to face challenges later in life by maintaining a loving home environment that nurtures their ability to learn about themselves and the world around them. Negative parenting styles are likely to hinder a child’s cognitive, language, social, emotional skills (like self-control and self-confidence) and wellbeing. These skills are essential for school readiness. Throughout childhood and teenage years’ people are obtaining life skills and problem-solving abilities that prepare them to resist and maneuver challenges in adulthood. During the 1960s, developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind described two different types of parenting styles based on her researcher with preschool-age children. One of the main parenting styles is known as the authoritative parenting style. This style is sometimes referred to as democratic and involves a child-centric approach in which parents hold high expectations for their children. Characteristics of the Authoritative Parenting Style: †¢ Listen to their children †¢ Encourage independence †¢ Place limits, consequences, and expectations on their children s behavior †¢ ExpressShow MoreRelatedThe Parenting Styles Authoritative, Authoritarian, And Permissive Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesparent your children? What is your parenting style? Experts have identified four major parenting types: Permissive, Authoritarian, Uninvolved, and Authoritative. Diana Baumrind (1966) was the one to identify three of the parenting styles Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive. Martin and Maccoby (1983) expanded on Baumrind’s parenting styles and added the Uninvolved style. Which style of parenting do you think you fall into? Frist, Authoritative Parenting is considered the most successfulRead MoreParenting Styles, Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive And Uninvolved981 Words   |  4 PagesParenting style has a big impact on how children develop into adults, and there are important implications for their future success. (Ronald Riggio, 2014) How a parent treated their child will follow the child for the rest of its life. Different parenting styles and their punishments that follow can affect the child mentally (psychological disorders) and physically (obesity). While we all know some forms of punishment is uncalled for such as persistence spanking is not typically just punishment butRead MoreChildren And Parenting Styles Are Authoritarian, Permissive And Authoritative1031 Words   |  5 Pagesmake us into good people. Some parent’s were very strick with their children, while some were the complete opposite. However, according to Balswick and Balswick (2014), †Children who grow up with out adequate guidance become fertile ground for authoritarian leaders or cults that prey on neglected young people† (p. 113). Also, according to Wilson et al. (2011), maltreated children are in constant state of stress which can permanently damage their brains, speeding of slowing down emotional responsesRead MoreParenting Styles : Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved, And Authoritative982 Words   |  4 PagesGood parenting is essential for a child’s educational and behavioral success and is a stressed trait throughout the world; however, in different cultures, good parenting can be defined and measured in many contrasting ways. In the United States, parenting and discipline methods have become controversial in the past fifty years, and the methods for raising children have drastically changed in some households. According to psychologist Diana Baumrind, there are four different parenting styles: authoritarianRead MoreParenting Styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, and Uninvolved879 Words   |  4 Pagesworldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct in order to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrumRead MoreDifferent Parenting Styles, Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, And Uninvolved Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay explores the four different types of parenting styles, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. The exploration of each parenting s tyle is examined, and the outcomes of each parenting style for the child is learned. Each parenting style has positives and negatives, but overall this essay informs the reader about which parenting style is best linked to success in their child’s education. Information for this essay has been gathered from three sources, the sources beingRead MoreEssay about Parenting Styles745 Words   |  3 PagesParenting styles have been grouped into three different categories: authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. The authoritarian approach to parenting provides children with a clear set of rules which have to be followed without question or reason, while permissive parents constantly are giving into their child’s every wish. The authoritative parenting style gives children rules along with explanations for those rules, and reinforces good behavior. Therefore parents should make sure theRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effect On Children Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesundeniable that parenting styles and their effectiveness vary. In research, parenting styles have been split into four categories the authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and the uninvolved. Within these categories, researches have attempted to map the effectiveness of parenting styles and the positive and negative outcomes of each. Despite the eclectic and commonly erratic nature of family structures, practices, and norms, we can start to break apart the authoritarian, authoritative, permissiveRead MoreThe Benefits of Authoritative Parenting Style621 Words   |  3 PagesA child will either grow up in authoritative or authoritarian parenting. What are they? Authoritative is the style where the parents combine warmth and affection with firm limits on a child. Authoritarian is the style of parenting in which the parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child. A child who grows up in authoritative household will have parents who understand them and are willing to listen to them when they have problems. The parents will show that they love theirRead MoreInfluence Of Communication Between Parents And Their Children992 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence of communication between parents and their children, and how different parenting styles affect Childhood Development Language and communication are interdependent to one another. Communication influences the way that people think and interact with others, whilst language is used to express thoughts and feelings in order to better the communication between individuals. Therefore it is known that without the use of language, people would be unable to express their feelings which would lead

Preparation and Properties of soap Free Essays

Materials and Apparatus: Olive oil, 95% ethanol, beaker, 50% sodium hydroxide solution, Boucher alter, hot plate, salt solution, magnetic stirrer, filter funnel, glass rod, filter paper, weighing balance, watch glass and measuring cylinder. From the diagram above, we can clearly see that the ionic (highly polar and charges) natures of salts makes them soluble in water. However, the non- polar hydrocarbon (aliphatic) tail of the soap molecules would cause them to be miscible with non-polar substances and enable them to dissolve in water. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation and Properties of soap or any similar topic only for you Order Now Normally, solid soaps are consist of sodium salts of fatty acids and liquid soaps consist of potassium salts of fatty acids. Soap can be prepared by a process known as specification. Historically, soaps were made by boiling the fat of animal, lye and in a aqueous Noah and KOCH solution containing potash. Of course, this was done long time ago before anyone had any idea of understanding the chemical transformations. Now, we know that this process is a reaction of esters with a strong base such as KOCH or Noah. The esters, triglycerides are the main constituents of vegetable oil and animal fats. The triglyceride is a trim-ester come along with 3 long fatty acid hydrocarbon chain. When triglyceride reacts with 3 equivalents strong aqueous base solution such as Noah or KOCH, the three ester bonds are hydroxide to yield 3 fatty acid salts (soap molecules) and one glycerol. The specification can also be called â€Å"base hydrolysis†. Industrially, soap is made by reaction of Noah together with vegetable fat. It is crucial to utilize enough Noah to make sure a complete specification Of triglycerides. If there is insufficient base, time and heat provided, then the result would be incomplete specification and the soap product can be very brittle. If the specification is complete, Nasal is added to precipitate the soap. The aqueous portion is decanted off. The remaining substance would be crude soap which contains some impurities such as Nasal, Noah or glycerol. In the lab, we do not have enough time to purify the crude soap. This purification would consist of re-dissolving the soap in boiling water and then cooling and precipitating again by adding Nasal. The soap in the experiment would be made out from olive oil, the chemical structure of olive oil (C52H9606) would be like this: Procedure: 1 . About ml Olive Oil was added to a mall_ beaker and dissolved it in ml of 95% ethanol. Excessive oil was not used to avoid additional ethanol to dissolve it. 2. When the olive oil was completely dissolved, the beaker was put on the hot plate and the temperature was maintained to about ICC. The flask was swirled to mix the solution. Next, ml of 50% Noah solution was poured down the glass-stirring rod intro the oil solution. A small amount of the Noah solution was trickled down the rod very slowly and then stopped to stir. Then, a little more Noah was trickled in. The Noah solution was not poured into the oil too quickly. This was due to the reason that pouring the Noah solution too quickly Will cause the oil to separate from the Noah solution, and the final product would be failure. The mixture was stirred until it thickened. We wanted to avoid getting a mixture with 2 distinct layers Noah solution on the bottom and oil on the top. When 2 distinct layers are forming, it was stirred vigorously using magnetic stirrer until the liquids are well stirred. 3. A small watch glass was placed over the mouth of the flask to minimize evaporation of the alcohol. 4. The oil-alcoholic-Noah solution was allowed to boil for at least 30 minutes. The undisclosed fat in the flask and solved by adding a little more ethanol and stirred. The temperature was kept just hot enough to have controlled boiling of the fat solution. 5. While the specification proceeded, a salt solution was prepared by completely dissolving go Nasal in 1 00 ml distilled water in a mall beaker. After he salt was completely dissolved, about half of this salt solution was transferred to another beaker and both beakers of salt solution was placed on ice to cool them. 6. After 30 minutes, the fat solution was tested to see if specification was completed by placing a few drops of the solution in a test tube of distilled eater. When the fat droplets floated to the top, the specification was not completed and allowed it to boil for an additional 10 minutes. 7. When the specification was completed, the hot reaction mixture was poured carefully into one beaker of salt solution and stirred for a minute or two. How to cite Preparation and Properties of soap, Papers

Discussion about Role of Theory

Question: Discuss about tthe role of theory. Answer: Johnson (2012) mentioned theory is a model or framework for observation and understanding, which shapes both what we see and how we see it. Theory allows the researcher to make links between the abstract and the concrete; the theoretical and the empirical; thought statements and observational statements. Michael Quinn Patton mentioned theory could intimidate people. To say that something's a theory makes it sound like there's no evidence for it or people are just sort of making it up or it's just a belief system. However, theory is an important part of research and scholarship. It is the central idea in the field of science. It plays different role in quantitative, qualitative and mixed method of research. Swiss educational psychologist had formulated a theory to analyze the moral and cognitive development of children. There are numerous amount of research work has been done all over the world in order to find out whether Piagets stages of development are applicable for different cultures or not. It is known as deductive theory and this approach is known as deductive approach as the research is derived or deduced form the theory (Johnson, 2012). This type of theory typically uses quantitative method. It has been found that theories highly depend on constructs and the identification of key variables. Unfortunately, men have been beating up on women across cultures throughout a great deal of history. But until that phenomenon and its impact was called the battered woman syndrome (Cooper et al., 2012). The understanding of battered woman syndrome comes from inductive theory. It requires studying women who are battered (interviewing or watching their lives). Inductive theory comes from qualitative field of work (Cooper et al., 2012). The theory is developed form the gathered data. Reference list Cooper, R., Chenail, R. J., Fleming, S. (2012). A Grounded Theory of Inductive Qualitative Research Education: Results of a Meta-Data-Analysis.Qualitative Report,17, pp.8-10. Johnson, R. H. (2012).Manifest rationality: A pragmatic theory of argument. Routledge.

Hi Jensen Essay Example For Students

Hi Jensen Essay You use the wrong word, confirm, rather than conform, which is what I think you mean. Please fix. Some other confusing points are made in what ways is Mersaults liberation ironic? Your explanation does not answer this. I think that your point that overcoming his fear is the main point is incorrect. I think he is just now convinced that his way of seeing the world is right and that the others have got it wrong. His execution vindicates his philosophy. I am also not sure what you mean by Firdauss mental freedom better to say that she overcomes her fear of men. Also why do you talk about hegemonies (plural) in Egyptian society? What groups of people are you referring to? However, the biggest problem with your opening paragraph is that you have not answered the question To what extent. I have no clear sense of a line of argument here. Para 2 Rethink your statements that Mersault advocates existentialism and FIrdaus advocates femininsm. These statements are too broad and not entirely true. Both come to a realisation about life and I think it is more important to outline what these realisations are, than to talk about advocacy. Overall the paragraph is not linked to your question or any line of argument. Para 3 What do you mean by human conventions ? How is this paragraph linked to your question? Para 4 The last sentence is a marginal point. I do not think overpriced rent/food are the key social ills being examined in the text. Para 5 Undeveloped paragraph that does not link to your question. What is the point you are making here? Para 6 I think your point about Mersaults rationale is correct, but you need to think Fridauss rationale. Paras 7-9 These are more paragaph fragments that do not have any direct link to your question or a clear line of argument. They just offer us bits of information. Para 10 (conclusion) Again, this does not link to your question or to any evident line of argument. WIthout such links, it becomes a meaningless conclusion. You really need to think more carefully about what your line of argument (thesis) is in this essay and make it explicit. Each paragraph in turn then proves this argument by providing detailed ideas and examples. A lot of work to do here Jensen. As it stands I would say you are on a level 5 here. Women at Point Zero by Nawal El Saadawi and Outsider by Albert Camus both present protagonists who refuse to conform to societys expectations. While Meursault was initially a physically and mentally free man of his own will, Firdaus was initially physically and mentally trapped by society. Meursault started off as a free man, there was a never a need to liberate himself since he the started of as a man who imposing his own principals on life. But when he commits a crime, he effectively loses his physical freedom with the killing on an Arab, then finally delivers himself again by overcoming the fear of death. On the other hand, Firdauss path of liberation begins with the the realisation of her inferior social standing in society as women, which denied her of the right to physical and mental freedom. However, each major change in Firdaus life brings increasing liberation from social hegemonies: Firdaus overcomes her physical entrapment by using her body as an instrument to gain profit, and later breaks through her mental entrapment by killing a man. Like Mersault, Firdaus final act of liberation is overcoming the fear of death itself. It can be said that the protagonists are both liberated on different levels: social, mental and physical. .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb , .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .postImageUrl , .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb , .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb:hover , .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb:visited , .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb:active { border:0!important; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb:active , .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucd135fd121499b3e7efdf4fc4ed916cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Benefits of the world Trade Organization EssayThrough these paths of liberation, the two texts share a common theme which emphasizes a strong rationale to be true to ones cause and belief even to the extent of self-sacrifice and to remain defiant to the submission to the ways of the social hegemony. However, there are subtle differences between their ideological paths of liberation. Meursault advocates existentialism as a way of living, Firdaus advocates feminism against patriarchy. Yet despite ideological differences, both characters show that by remaining true to ones principals, even in the face of social tyranny, it leads to ones physical, social and mental liberation. At first, the plight of both protagonists are not yet in conflict with the human conventions of the respective societies. Meursaults first words establish his lack of concern with social conventions: Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday, I dont know. Meursault is in complete control of his own life, compelled by simple bodily pleasures: the warm sea, the colour of the sky, his girlfriends body The water was warm and rippled with long, lazy waves.(p.37), The sky was green and I felt happy.(p.30), You could see the shape of her firm breasts (p.37) Meanwhile, Firdauss childhood life was one of sexual harassment by her uncle and rejection by her parents. At this point, the protagonists are coming from two very different circumstances: Meursault is free, while Firdaus is trapped. Later on, both protagonist make life changing decisions that are completely the opposite from what they were in the beginning. Meursault kills an Arab and loses his physical freedom through incarceration. The freedom Mersault esteems above all else has been taken from him, thus he is unable to carry out his principals of life. Firdaus becomes a prostitute and frees herself from her physical identity. She takes possession of the body that had been the source of torment, and turns it into a source of profit. What we can see here is a complete switch in circumstances. Meursaults body is trapped in jail, while Firdaus is willfully using her body to make a living. At this point, it can be said that Meursault has lost his physical freedom, while Firdaus taken her first step to liberation through converting her flesh into a profiting machine. However, though she is now in control of her body, she still ceases to be a prisoner to the capitalist system. Although she is freely choosing to use her body to make profit, she may not have chosen to do this, if there wasnt a system that required people to buy overpriced food and rent. However, when both protagonists commit murder, they are immediately imprisoned and condemned by the social hegemonies. When questioned, they both provide honest and simple explanations to crime. Yet, despite the extremity of their honesty, society only further condemns them. In The Outsider, Meursault refuses to lie about his experiences, ignoring the advice of his lawyer that would save his life. In Women at Point Zero, Firdaus rejects the parole offer from the psychologist. The rationales which both protagonists provided as a justification of their crime effectively juxtaposes with the hegemonys rationale for executing them. In The Outsider, the social hegemony proved itself to be incapable of understanding Meursaults motives and their decision to execute him only reinforces their ignorance, making a mockery of their justice. This is seen in another thing had surprised himI didnt know how old mother was. (p.86) I said quickly it was because of the sun. Some people laughed.(p.99)In Women at Point Zero, upon Firdauss arrest she argues for what you call my crime was no crime. This was responded with You criminal. You deserve to die. Both protagonists choose death over life, showing that they didnt believe the social hegemonies would ever give them genuine freedom even if released. If they had chosen to live, both protagonists would have sacrificed their principles to the demands of a corrupt society, thereby corrupting their own lives, and making a mockery of their own histories. In The Outsider, Meursault was provided with an opportunity to live multiple times but boldly turned them down. In Women at Point Zero, Firdaus was given a chance to be released but talked back to the authorities and expressed her desire to die than live. .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 , .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .postImageUrl , .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 , .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14:hover , .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14:visited , .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14:active { border:0!important; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14:active , .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14 .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6905038310aca837603b17bc1503e14:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Corporal Punishment EssayBoth protagonist chose to spend their final moments by reminiscing their past life, however there was not a hint of regret or resentment in their tone. When death arrived terrifyingly close, both protagonists accepted their fate calmly and willingly. In The Outsider, Meursault was reluctantly embroiled into a verbal fight with the chaplain who insisted that he turn over to god and was firmly rejected by Meursault who stated I had only a little time left and I didnt want to waste it on God. In Women at Point Zero, Firdaus finishes her story with I spit with ease on their lying faces and words, on their lying newspaper and shows her execution was a r esult of her negative reaction, which had not been expected by the male authorities, when she was given a chance to be released. Both protagonists believed that choosing their own death was the ultimate weapon against the corrupt social hegemony; Just as Firdaus chose to use her body to make money, instead of having it imposed on her by sinister creeps, she also chose her own death, rather than a life dictated by hegemonic powers. Meursault maintained his philosophy of freedom to the very end, freely choosing death, instead of a life amongst people with tyrannical demands. By denying an appeal they have liberated themselves a life that never promised free will. To conclude, we can see that both protagonists have successfully overcome the corruption of social hegemonies, however it is apparent in the two novels that the path to their liberation was completely different and that the motivating principles behind their actions were very different. Yet, despite these fundamental differences, everyone can agreed that their refusal to betray their own integrity had ultimately cost them their lives. To what extent do the actions of Meursault and Firdaus liberate them from the corruption of social hegemonies in The Outsider by Albert Camus and Women at Point Zero by Nawal El Saadawi?

Walt Disney free essay sample

Company want to venture into the global markets with its theme parks? More companies are moving from the traditional strategy of doing business inside their own borders, to a global strategy (Ferrell, Hirt, Ferrell, 2009). Walt Disney has experienced great success with its theme parks in California and Florida. By 1990, Disneyland and Disneyworld were attracting 2. 7 million international visitors a year (Greenhouse, 1991). Due to their success in the United States, this was a good reason to venture into the global markets with its theme parks. What troubles has the company had to overcome in opening theme parks outside of the US home based? Walt Disney faced many challenges when entering the global market. In the case of Euro Disney, initially Disney’s management failed in the aspects considering the lack of cultural awareness, misunderstanding the French laws and the traditions/habits of the French people. Disney planning for Euro Disney was driven by their success experienced in the United States and Japan therefore never made the necessary adjustments when moving into a different country and culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Walt Disney or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What steps might Disney take to ensure better success with a future Chinese theme park location? Disney has gained some insight from its mistakes with Euro Disney, as it sought to make its new Disney Studios park and Disneyland Hong Kong less extravagant and more in tune with the local culture. It now sees itself as a company â€Å"dedicated to change, employee empowerment and cultural respect and appreciation† (Packman Casmir, 1999). However, it still needs to be extremely careful to analyze all parts of the market by researching the Chinese culture, laws, and tradition.

Apollo Hospital Essay Example

Apollo Hospital Essay Example Apollo Hospital Essay Apollo Hospital Essay The ‘‘wow’’ factor in service relies on constant innovation and demands continuous and sensitive focus on all issues that may affect the patient’s stay in a hospital. Every touch point of the hospital needs to be ‘‘alive’’ and the client must be able to feel the warmth offered. The culture of service is imperative in today’s scenario, where the differentiators could just be the manner in which services are offered. All the major players could replicate infrastructure within a short span of time, but not the service culture. Dr. Umapathy Panyala, Chief Executive Officer, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore (March 2013) Dr. Panyala, CEO, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore believed that in the future, the hospitality aspect of hospitals- the service provided to patients- would differentiate Apollo Hospitals from a large number of equally competent competitors in the growing Indian healthcare industry. He had set up a quality department at the Apollo Hospital in Bangalore, headed by Dr. Ananth Rao. Apart from being an expert on Metabolic Diseases and Biochemistry, Dr. Rao was also a Lean Six-Sigma black belt from the Indian Statistical Institute, Chennai. You can’t manage what you don’t measure- although this may sound cliched; I am still a firm believer of this philosophy and want to apply this, especially in the hospitality part of hospitals. Clinical benchmarking is a compulsory requirement and is taken care of; however, patients have so many other touch points in their stay at hospitals- the hospitality part. Some of the world-class hotels (such as the Ritz–Carlton) have performed benchmarking to standardise their hospitality offerings; at the same time, its employees are allowed to use their judgment to provide whatever delights the customer in every visit. 1 We want to internalise this in our culture as well. – Dr. Ananth Rao, Head–Quality Department, Apollo Hospital, Bangalore (March 2013) Dr. Rao also believed that the hospitality aspect would differentiate Apollo Hospitals from its competitors. Patient cure and care played very important roles in hospitals. Many patients were generally anxious when in a hospital and the sense of disservice increased their anxiety level very easily. Integrating healthcare and hospitality was essential for creating patient-focused care. Hospitality aspects included a smooth admission procedure, friendly medical and non-medical staff, comfortable furniture, varied choices on the food menu, attractive surroundings, recreational facilities, privacy, clear signposting, adequate provisions for visitors, and so on. 2 Important aspects of hospitality were managed by the nursing staff and other non-medical staff, which meant inherent variability of service owingto human interventions. Dr. Panyala and Dr. Rao wanted to measure the hospitality aspects at Apollo Hospitals and improve hospitality to create a world-class hospital. Dr. Rao and his team collected feedback every day from the patients and received a number of complaints, ranging from not having a TV remote to long response time on the part of nursing staff in attending to requests from patients. For Apollo Hospitals, it was important that the patients’ experience in the hospital was not compromised, since it could have a significant financial impact. Managing the hospitality elements of the hospital was as important as managing the clinical aspects. Apollo Hospitals had a stringent process in place to take care of clinical aspects. Dr. Rao wanted to improve the hospitality at Apollo Hospitals by reducing the 1 Hall, J. M. and Johnson, M. E. , When should a process be art, not science, Harvard Business Review, 2009, 1–9. Hepple, J. ,Kipps, M. and Thomson, J. , The concept of hospitality and an evaluation of its applicability to the experience of hospital patients, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1990, 9(4),305–318. 2 Suhruta Kulkarni, Kripa Makhija and U Dinesh Kumar, Professor of Quantitative Methods and Information Systems, prepared this case for classroom discussion. V Sandeep assisted in data collection and analysis. This case is not intended to serve as an endorsement or source of primary data, or to show effective or inefficient handling of decision or business processes. Copyright  © 2013 by the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. No part of the publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (including internet) – without the permission of Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality Page 2 of 20 number of complaints from patients; he also wanted to achieve significant improvement in sigma levels measured through the Six Sigma performance scale. According to Dr. Ananth Rao: The immediate challenge is to understand the patients’ sentiment towards the hospitality provided and to design a process improvement plan that is affordable. Apollo takes feedback from patients every day and the quality department staff interviews many patients every week to understand their needs. Dr. Rao was aware that improving hospitality at Apollo Hospitals was going to be a continuous exercise in improvement; collecting feedback was one way of approaching the process of continuous improvement. He treated every complaint as a â€Å"defect† and planned to use lean Six Sigma concepts to eliminate defects. Implementing Six Sigma in all departments was likely to be a challenge since departments such as housekeeping faced high attrition rates. His immediate objective was to introduce a system where future complaints related to hospitality could be reduced. Also, how much importance should be given to hospitality by Apollo Hospital was one of the dilemmas faced by Dr Rao and he wanted to set a realistic target for Sigma level in hospitality at Apollo. APOLLO HOSPITALS: THE TRENDSETTER Dr. Prathap C. Reddy, founder of Apollo Hospital Enterprises Ltd. (AHEL) had accomplished a successful medical career in the United States. He returned to India in 1972 to contribute to the healthcare system in India. Health infrastructure in India was very poorly developed in the 1970s. In 1971, there were 3,862 hospitals and 12,180 dispensaries with a total of 348,6553 beds for a population of 548,159,6524- a ratio of 6. 36 beds per 10,000 people as against the ratio of 9 beds per 10,000 people in 2011. 5 India’s first National Health Policy was declared in 1983,6 almost 36 years after independence, which was an indication of the neglect faced by the health sector in the country since independence. Dr. Reddy had set up a good medical practice in India and used to send patients outside the country for specific treatments. However, in 1979, a young patient died as he could not arrange the money for treatment in the United States. Dr. Reddy then decided to provide the best of medical treatment from the West to patients in India with an emotional touch, calling it â€Å"High Tech with High Touch. † Apollo was a doctor-promoted enterprise- 10,000 Indian doctors, 4,700 U. S. -based doctors, and 60 doctors from the United Kingdom invested approximately USD 5,000 to start the venture. Dr. Reddy selected the best of the talent available to ensure the best possible service and care. He also ensured that a clear distinction was maintained between business management and clinical management. 7Apollo pioneered world-class healthcare in India, which was later emulated by several other hospitals. Apollo focused on technological excellence and garnered many firsts to its credit in the country. Apollo was the first not only in India but also in South Asia to launch Oncological Robotic Surgery, G4 Cyberknife Robotic Radiosurgery System, 320-slice computed tomography scanner, 64-slice positron emission tomography-computed scan system, full-field digital mammography with tomosynthesis, and many such technologies. 8 According to Dr. Rao, Apollo intended to carry forward technological excellence in hospitality to provide patients with the best cure and care services. Dr Preetha Reddy, Managing Director, Apollo Hospitals Enterprises Limited has been the pioneer and chief architect of the tender loving care –TLC ‘‘mantra’’, a pillar of the Apollo way, which is affectionately applied to every patient at Apollo Hospitals. â€Å"The patients and staff comprehend this language better,† she points out. The concept of TLC integrates service delivery with clinical outcomes resulting in exceptional patient experiences9,10. 3 Background Papers: Financing and Delivery of Healthcare Services in India, National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, 2005, p. 47. 4 Source: http://cyberjournalist. org. in/census/cenpop. html, accessed on March11, 2013. 5 Source: globalhealthfacts. org/data/topic/map. aspx? ind=78, accessed on March11, 2013. 6 Health Research Policy, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, (October 2007). 7 Mitra, M. , The Apollo Mission, Corporate Dossier with The Economic Times, June 1, 2012. 8 Apollo Investor Presentation, www. apollohospitals. com, accessed in January 2013. 9 N Amarnath, and D Ghosh, The Voyage to Excellence: The Ascent of 21 Women Leaders of India Inc. , Pustak Mahal, pp. 80-95. 10 apollohospitals. com/apollo_pdf/dr_preetha_reddy_managing_director. pdf This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality Page 3 of 20. CLINICAL BENCHMARKING Apollo Hospitals had been using a clinical score card called [emailprotected] (Apollo Clinical Excellence), which measured and monitored clinical excellence among the group’s hospitals. [emailprotected] measured 25 clinical parameters (Exhibit 1) every month, which were benchmarked against global standards. [emailprotected] was launched on September18, 2008 and used across 32 hospitals of the group. Clinical benchmarks were published by various institutions and bodies such as Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), among others. Hospitals were grouped according to their bed strengths, locations, services offered, and so on. Group A hospitals had to report 25 parameters- 23 were common parameters, while two were location-specific. Group B and Group C hospitals had to report 15 and 10 parameters, respectively, out of which two were location-specific. [emailprotected] was an internally developed clinical scorecard, created by drawing upon the wealth of expertise available within Apollo. An audit committee at the corporate level was set up to validate the data, methodology, and definitions followed at each location. According to Sangita Reddy, Executive Director, Apollo Hospitals Group: We needed a yardstick like [emailprotected] that would pit us against international institutes like Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, and others, and position us on the global healthcare firmament for excellence in clinical quality. This also enables us to assess where we stand and where we need to 11 be, while pursuing excellence in clinical quality. Apart from this internal benchmarking exercise, seven of Apollo’s hospitals were accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI); and it was the largest group in South Asia to be accredited by the JCI. The JCI was a U. S. -based accreditation body dedicated to improving healthcare quality and safety around the world and recognized as the gold standard for hospitals. Apollo was also accorded the Superbrand status by the Indian Consumer Superbrands Council, which recognised that the best practices were used in the brand. Apollo was the 12 only hospital that was accorded the Superbrand status in India. There were other accreditations that several Apollo hospitals had achieved (Exhibit 2). According to Dr. Panyala, Living the brand should be our focus in every initiative or activity we perform. Apollo Hospitals has been one of the consistent names among the Superbrands. The perceived value of a brand like Apollo Hospitals is set very high in the backdrop of the decades of service and excellence it has offered. Clients need to see and experience that value, and the gap between perceived value and obtained value must be zero at best or at a bare minimum. PATIENTS’ FEEDBACK AND REAL-TIME ACTION On average, a patient spends 80% of the time in hospital for the care part rather than the cure, and we need to focus on care to ensure speedy recovery and maximum satisfaction. Hospitality is critical in healthcare as the patient and his/her attendants are already distraught and highly anxious. Hospitality is driven mainly by human interventions- in nursing, housekeeping, as well as food and beverages. It is very difficult to ensure consistency of quality and hence, we want to benchmark these to ensure we provide the best quality of hospitality all the time. –Dr. Ananth Rao, Head–Quality Department, Apollo Hospital, Bangalore (December 2012) Dr. Rao believed that although clinical services formed the core of Apollo’s services and brand image, hospitality would support the brand, and in the long run, both would merge to form the Apollo brand (as shown in Exhibit 3). All services that did not require core clinical expertise were classified as hospitality services, including services such as billing, dietician service, food beverages, facility, housekeeping, nursing, facility, and overall operations. Each service was executed through a variety of processes. All the processes included in each service were identified and defined with regard to the procedure, timelines, required output, and so on. All the processes were mapped and the quality measures defined; these would be used as Sigma metrics. 11 12 Express Healthcare, (2010), http://healthcare. financialexpress. com/201009/strategy01. shtml Source: http://kolkata. apollohospitals. com/newsroom/271-apollo-hospitals-only-healthcare-super-brand-in-india. html This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality Page 4 of 20 The Quality Department, established under the leadership of Dr. Rao, comprised two dedicated staff- Soumi Dutta and Nisha Maria- who looked after a variety of quality-related issues. Soumi and Nisha collected feedback from the patients between March 2011 and December 2012using the form presented in Exhibit 4. Patients were asked to rate each department on a scale of 1 to 10. Additionally, open-ended feedback such as patients’ comments, opinions, or suggestions was also collected. A schedule was developed for collecting feedback, which ensured that Soumi and Nisha collected feedback from a cross-section of patients; this also ensured that no biases crept into the feedback. The feedback collection methodology is shown in Exhibit 5. Soumi and Nisha were trained to collect frank, free-flowing feedback from the patients. If they received complaints while collecting feedback, they would immediately inform the department concerned and get the errors rectified, whenever possible; or ensure that the complaints were addressed to the patient’s satisfaction in real time. One of them recollected the following anecdote: A patient had complained that the door was not getting locked properly. I got in touch with the facility personnel and they worked on the door and the lock and fixed the problem- all in a matter of 25 minutes from the moment it was brought to my attention. The patient was satisfied with the immediate solution. However, we did not stop there. We teamed up with the facility team and checked every door of the hospital and repaired them if required. We wanted to ensure that such complaints were not repeated. The feedback collection process served multiple objectives such as collecting open-ended feedback from patients, resolving the issues in real time, and further auditing the actions of the service departments. The real-time escalation flowchart is shown in Exhibit 6. The feedback was saved on an MS Excel spread sheet, and stored on a monthly basis for easy retrieval. The data was then analyzed using various parameters and trends were plotted for each service. At Apollo, each service was related to a department; hence, it was easier to deal with the complaints and determine monthly improvements. FEEDBACK ANALYSIS From March 2011 to December 2012, 1,434 complaints were received from among the 1,38,600 in-patients treated during that period (approximately 1. 03%). A Pareto chart was plotted for these complaints (as shown in Exhibit 7). The housekeeping department received the maximum number of complaints, while the dietary service had the least number of complaints. The department-wise spread of complaints is shown in Exhibit 7. Some of the complaints were genuine concerns while some were related to minor discomfort. A few of the complaints were very specific, while some were generic. All of these were analyzed, which would enable the hospital to work towards reducing the overall number of complaints. Some of the sample complaints from each department are provided in Exhibit 8. According to Dr. Rao, Every complaint is an opportunity to improve. We keep looking for the smallest of the complaints, which will help us in improving our quality by several levels. Sometimes it is difficult to interpret the complaints and it is even more complex to develop strategies that will enable a better patient experience. The complete data set was analyzed to determine the word frequency count in the complaints section. The significant words with their frequencies are shown in Exhibit 9. This analysis was used to focus on specific tasks to ensure reduction in the number of complaints. For example, the most significant word was â€Å"time† and it was associated with delays in response time for the various services. The twenty-fourth most frequent word was â€Å"late,† which is again related to response time. Thus, the word frequency technique helped in focusing on problem areas. Based on the results of the analysis, benchmarks were set in consultation with the respective department for the response time of each service as shown in Exhibit 10. Apart from this quantitative analysis, another approach was used to analyze the feedback and obtain deeper insights for quality improvements. Dr. Rao used the term â€Å"defect-defective† from the Six Sigma methodology- one â€Å"defective† product/service could be caused by one or several â€Å"defects†. According to Dr. Rao, This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality. Page 5 of 20 Any complaint from a patient is considered as a ‘‘defective’’. For example, consider the complaint: ‘‘Food is not served on time’’. This complaint may arise due to several reasons such as food not being prepared in time, food not being delivered on time, patient changing his/her order, etc. It is essential to identify these defects in order to eliminate the defective. On receiving a complaint from the patient, which was termed as â€Å"defective,† defects that led to the defective (complaint) were identified. Root-cause analysis was performed on all the processes of the identified defects. The processes were re-engineered to eliminate all the defects and a pilot study was conducted using the â€Å"Define Measure Analyse Improve Control† (DMAIC) cycle. Once the process was found acceptable, it was then deployed across locations. This was followed by routine and surprise audits to ensure that the process was being followed as defined to ensure customer satisfaction. The flowchart is shown in Exhibit 11a and b. All feedback related to medical services was escalated to the Medical Director’s office. In addition to this, the Quality Department at Apollo Bangalore developed a methodology called the Daily Point Average © or DPA ©. The ratings provided by patients for different departments were used to calculate the DPA ©. The departments had to improve these ratings over a period of time. The DPA © effectively captured the â€Å"mind of the customers† since the feedback was collected during the patients’ stay and not at the time of discharge. BENCHMARKING OF HOSPITALITY Hospitality required high human involvement and was very specific not only to local cultures but also to each individual. Since a patient had to stay in a hospital to get cured, hospitality automatically came into the picture. Hospitality in various hospitals was very different owing to the surroundings and differences in customer (patient) requirements. Patients did not walk into a hospital out of volition- they came in only because there was some problem. Under such conditions, the patient would be very agitated and any small thing that was out of place would become a big issue. Any kind of delay would be extremely intolerable and all the services had to be perfect all the time. Even in the hotel industry, hospitality was not standardized and benchmarks were not available. The Ritz–Carlton hotels, which are considered the gold standard in the hospitality industry, had used Six Sigma and benchmarking for their hospitality business. 13 Although benchmarks for clinical services were well-established, those for hospitality in hospitals were yet to be established. Apollo Bangalore developed benchmarks for several common complaints with three levels of services (as shown in Exhibit 10) by adopting the Kano model, which was developed by Noriaki Kano (Exhibit 12). This model was used across service industries and it helped in understanding customer expectations from any product or service. The threshold or the basic quality was the minimum requirement of the customer, which would be taken for granted even if it were present; however, if it were not there, the customer would complain about its absence. Normal or performance quality was something that the customer would expect because these were stated either by the product/service provider or by the customer as a requirement. This quality was observed by the customer and its absence would cause discomfort and disappointment. Exciting quality of the service or product was something that would not disappoint the customer; the presence of this would delight the customer, since the customer did not expect this quality. With time, the exciting quality would become performance quality and the performance quality would become a basic quality. Hence, the manufacturer or the service provider should always strive to provide new exciting qualities. Accordingly, several metrics were defined for benchmarking. For example, patients were informed that routine hospital-provided meals would be served within 10 to 20 minutes of every mealtime. This became a performance attribute. The threshold requirement of the patient would be that meals should be served within 20 minutes after placing the order. If the meal was served within 10 minutes, the patient would be delighted. However, if this customer (patient) were to come to the hospital again, she/he would expect the meal to be delivered within 10 minutes; this then would become a performance quality for her/him. 13 Source: qfdi. org/newsletters/six_sigma_qfd_hotel_application. html This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality Page 6 of 20 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS The Quality Department required funding for data collection, analysis, and other related activities. These expenses affected the bottom line of the hospital. However, from March 2011 to December 2012, the number of re-visits increased, which implied that customer loyalty had increased. There was a 15% increase in the number of inpatients. Earlier, high discounts had been offered to dissatisfied patients owing to errors in service or poor quality of service. Gradually, there was a reduction in the discounts provided, which was a direct result of better satisfied patients. Additionally, owing to better processes, cost of quality (in terms of re-work and consumable wastage) had reduced, which helped in improving the bottom line. Further, owing to better service and higher levels of satisfaction, the patients acted as brand ambassadors for Apollo and provided word-of-mouth publicity, which improved the top line. Another example of decreased turnaround time and a resultant increase in profitability was seen in the Biochemistry Lab at the Apollo Bangalore Hospital. Dr. Rao headed this lab and he understood the patients’ requirement of receiving diagnostics reports in two hours instead of three. Dr. Rao and his team redesigned the process using 5S and lean concepts and managed to reach a turnaround time of two hours. Profits from the Biochemistry Lab nearly doubled after the decrease in turnaround time; while the cost of consumables increased by only 11%. Even though the Apollo team was trying to improve customer satisfaction, it still faced the question of how much satisfaction could be actually provided to the customer considering the room tariffs that were charged. As seen from Exhibit 13, the charges at the Apollo Bangalore Hospital ranged from USD 25 for a basic room to USD 120 for the Platinum Suite. A Ritz–Carlton basic room would cost USD 799 at Washington, U. S. A. and USD 165 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (per person, per night). 14 The Apollo team might be able to provide high quality hospitality to patients in the Platinum Suites. However, the aspiration to provide the same service to patients in other rooms might not be financially feasible. The team was trying to build high levels of service for the Platinum Suites. However, the volumes in the other rooms were too high to be ignored, especially in the Indian context. Additionally, customer loyalty was extremely important to Apollo; in Dr. Panyala’s words, Customer loyalty and not mere retention is what we need to focus on. It is important to think ahead of the customer to identify issues that may compromise the experience. QUANTIFYING HOSPITALITY ACROSS APOLLO According to Dr. Rao, Once, we develop the benchmarks and the Sigma metrics, we want to replicate the system across all Apollo hospitals in the country. Each hospital will have to devise its own benchmark and Sigma metrics. However, we want to provide a framework for developing these and then measuring the outcomes. All the hospitals would then be compared by equalisation of scores and would benefit from one another’s learning†. After collecting the feedback and attempting to set benchmarks, Dr. Rao knew that he needed to go deeper and analyze each service through the complaints, set up relevant benchmarks, and target certain Sigma levels for each benchmark. He wondered whether they could collect and analyze data in a better manner. He wanted to arrive at the basis for the cost-benefit analysis of this activity. Looking at the complaints and the analysis, Dr. Rao had two major questions on his mind: 1. 2. 14 What strategy should be used to reduce the number of complaints and sustain the culture of excellence at Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore under the leadership of Dr. Panyala? Given the manual intensive processes involved in addressing the hospitality issues, what is a good Sigma level? Could Apollo set a target for Sigma level in hospitality? Source: www. ritzcarlton. com, accessed on April 15, 2013. This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality Page 7 of 20 Exhibit 1 [emailprotected] parameters Sl. Parameter No. 1 Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) mortality rate. 2 Complication rate post coronary intervention(percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PTCA) 3 Average length of stay (ALOS) post angioplasty 4 Average length of stay (ALOS) post total hip replacement (THR) 5 Average length of stay (ALOS) post total knee replacement (TKR) 6 Complication rate for total knee replacement (TKR) 7 Average length of stay (ALOS) post renal transplant 8 Average turnaround per dialysis chair per day 9 Average length of stay (ALOS) post transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) 10 Complication rate transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) 11 Endoscopy complication rate. 12 Patient satisfaction with pain management 13 Door to thrombolysis time in ischemic stroke in emergency room (ER) 14 Percentage conversion of coronary angiographies to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 15 Catheter-related blood stream infection (CR-BSI) 16 Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) 17 Catheter-related urinary tract infection (CR-UTI) 18 Average length of stay (ALOS) in hospital 19 Average length of stay (ALOS) in intensive care unit (ICU) 20 Door to CT time in stroke cases in emergency room (ER) 21 Surgical site infection (SSI – Clean wound) 22 Medication errors. 23 Average length of stay (ALOS) post modified radical mastectomy (MRM) 24 Average length of stay (ALOS) post microdisectomy 25 Average urea reduction ratio* 26 Percentage of patients achieving/maintaining haemoglobin level of 11gram or higher after 3 months of dialysis in end stage renal disease (ESRD) *Optional This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality. Page 8 of 20 Exhibit 2 Accreditation of Apollo Hospitals Accreditation Joint Commission International (JCI) Delhi, Apollo Hospital Location Chennai, Hyderabad, Ludhiana, Bangalore, Kolkata, Dhaka National Accreditation Board for Hospitals Madurai, Chennai Healthcare Providers (NABH) National Accreditation Board for Laboratories (NABL) Chennai ISO 9002 Chennai Source: Apollo Investor Presentation (retrieved from www. apollohospitals. com in January 2013) Exhibit 3 Apollo Brand–Clinical and Hospitality Services Core Clinical Services Hospitality Source: Interview with Dr. Ananth Rao. This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality Page 9 of 20 Exhibit 4 Feedback Form YOUR FEEDBACK Thank you for choosing Apollo Hospitals for your healthcare needs. As a quality improvement initiative, we are looking for improvements in parameters towards ‘‘Service Excellence’’ of our hospital. Please provide a few minutes of your valuable time for a personal interaction. How satisfied are you with your experience and the services provided by our hospital on a scale of 1 to 10? 1. MEDICAL SERVICES 1 2 3 4 5 6 Poor 2. NURSING SERVICES 1 2 3 7 8 Good 4 5 6 3. OPERATIONS ADMINISTRATION 1 2 3 8 5 6 7 1 2 3 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 1 2 3 10 Excellent 8 9 10 Good 4 5 6 Poor 6. FACILITY MAINTENANCE 9 Good Poor 5. HOUSEKEEPING SERVICES 10 Excellent 8 Poor 4. FOOD BEVERAGES 9 Good 4 7 Excellent 8 9 Good 4 Poor 5 6 10 Excellent 7 Poor 9 7 10 Excellent 8 Good 9 10 Excellent COMMENTS (OVERALL): Patient Name (Optional): UHID: Date of Admission: Room No: Signature: Date: This document is authorized for use only by NIKITA VAIDYA in Nutrition 346 taught by Carol Blindauer, at Dominican University Illinois from January 2015 to May 2015. For the exclusive use of N. VAIDYA, 2015. Apollo Hospitals: Differentiation through Hospitality Page 10 of 20 Exhibit 5 Feedback collection methodology A Typical Process Map: DPA Daily Data Collection Method 1:00pm–2:30pm Data consolidated; DPA Score developed* 11:00am–1:00pm Survey conducted Point of Data Colle ction Score given to IT Dept. disseminated to individual stakeholders via.